Reviews and Comments

Post-apocalypse science fiction is flourishing at the moment, but "Earth Abides" is the one that really established its modern form. I've read it many times, but in 2024 it had a different impact on me, and I think it has grown in stature over the years.

The plot takes a now familiar path: a plague wipes out most of humanity; the survivors must come together and work out how to repopulate the empty world, to overcome the psychological and physical impediments they now face. As the story unfolds, it reveals truths about all humanity: our morals and failings and strengths are exposed by the thought experiment of stripping the species back to its barest remnants.

There are no triffids here, no zombies, not even any crazed marauding gangs to provide conflict. Much of the plot tension comes through the protagonist, Isherwood Williams, a young intellectual who judges himself the only survivor capable of rekindling all the earth's knowledge, passing it on to future generations who will rebuild civilisation.

Ish is a solitary, geeky sort of man. He's a nature lover who survives the plague because he's on one of his frequent wilderness camping trips. He considers his solitary tendency a strength at first, judging that he can survive the shock, as so much human companionship vanishes from the face of the earth. It turns out to be a hindrance too, and he has to turn to his newly found companions, especially Em, a black woman whom he loves and comes to depend on for wisdom and courage even as he sees his education and intellectual acumen are a burden as well as a gift.

There's a kind of tragedy as Ish is forced to accept that his dream of reviving technology and rebuilding civilisation is an impossible one. He must also come to recognise the value of the community and the way it finds its strengths existing in harmony with the environment; humanity is no longer the technological master it was before the great disaster.

The hammer which is Ish's talisman is with him always, but the former symbol of industry turns into a religious icon, and Ish as its wielder is like the last of a race of Titans or demigods to his wild young descendants.

On previous readings, I remember feeling the loss, the failure, as Ish downgrades his expectations. Now, as we contemplate the impending impacts of climate change, my reaction is different. I can see from the very beginning that Stewart paints Ish as a flawed, almost a deluded character, whose belief in civilisation and quest to revive it are misguided from the start.

In our 21st century reality, our trust in technology and industry to provide solutions to the climate crisis seems just as flawed. To lose civilisation would be a tragedy, but we would also be losing a lot of the malign structures which destroyed so much of what is precious on our small planet.

"Earth Abides" is further elevated by its multiple themes: the role of the state, of religion, morality, gender, race and law. It is full of references to the cultural and scientific heritage to which Ish clings. It is generously spiced with powerful symbolism and biblical references... at times it reads like an old testament book in itself.

It's got a great plot, great characters and great world-building. The feminism, queerness and anti-racism bring waves of refreshment.

The main thing that let it down for me was the language. The voice I heard was not that of a 1912 steampunk denizen of Cairo. It sounded more like a 21st century internet-soaked American. This included bad grammar: subject pronouns that should have been objects, adjectives that should have been adverbs. Decolonisation is one of the themes, but American English is re-colonising much of the world. It might not bother you, but it definitely bothers me.

Clark also draws on the tradition of the detective genre, which I don't enjoy. Again, it's such an American form, so it added to the annoyance of the language.

I'm a bit sensitive to this because of my recent reading of Lord Dunsany and Ursula le Guin's comments on the importance of style in fantasy. It probably won't bother most readers. This is perhaps a reflection of the sinking standards of readers and writers in the internet age.

It's another must-read masterwork from Reynolds, who gives us a vast survey of popular music, charting the quantity and quality of its cannibalism over the decades, and assessing the extreme levels of self-devouring reached by 2011. In the decade plus since the book's publication, not much has changed.

I have my own take on the subject of this book. I imagine a post-war "tabula rasa". If you were born in, say, 1930, you would have been 15 at the end of the Second World War. In 1945 it was like the end of the old world, which had basically destroyed itself.

Normally when you are around the age of 15 you are ready to start soaking up the rich sweet syrup of culture, but in 1945 it was all gone, wiped out or rendered meaningless by years of fascist dictatorship and the all-consuming allied campaign to destroy it.

For about a decade after 1945 we had a kind of writer's block, where the blank slate was a psychological barrier to creation. In the 1950s, enough people began to see the blank page as a clean, perfect invitation to start creating. It was a release, an outpouring, after a build-up of pressure. This was why we fought that war: to be free.

Post-war modernity began with rock and roll in the 1950s. The engine sputtered briefly before kicking into life and reaching maximum speed in the 1960s. For the next 30 years or so it was a febrile time of creation, filling up the blank page, constantly looking for a space on that page to colour in, as soon as we could conceive something new to express and cover that intolerable blankness.

That was how I viewed pop and rock music as I grew up. The Beatles were my centre of gravity. Through their cover versions (Little Richard, Chuck Berry) I gained a foothold into the music of the 50s, discovering the big bang of rock and roll even though I was born in 1962. In the 60s, 70s and 80s the flame of originality burned brightly, but in the 90s, its intensity began to fade. That was when the remix, the rehash, the revival assumed a greater status than the revolution. The new and the unprecedented were eclipsed by the repeat. The blank page was all filled in.

The internet promised something new, but instead it became a sort of zombie apocalypse. Technology's boundless online capacity was able to revive all the old stuff. The medium was no longer the message: the past had taken control of the medium, and imposed a new temporal order where the expressions of the present and even the future were suppressed.

Reynolds explores the history of revivals. His research and his insights are impeccable. I loved reading about the earliest retromaniacs, the jazz freaks who thought music went downhill after 1933. I am a fan of Robert Crumb, and he has graphically expressed his commitment to this concept. There was another rebellion against modern jazz. Instead of the expressive, experimental Coltrane stuff, the 50s jazz retromaniacs insisted on the New Orleans tradition, a revival cult abbreviated to "trad jazz". It had a surge of popularity in the 1950s, prompting some of its proponents to "sell out". It was like a Ray Harryhausen stop motion animation, a battle between dinosaurs. Soon a meteor called The Beatles would wipe them all out. There are plenty more revivals from subsequent decades lovingly analysed in this great book.

Fast forward to the present, and Reynolds still believes in the future, still believes something huge will come along to repeat the thrills of the summer of love, punk and rave. My fear is that it will only happen with a cataclysm like world war 2... except this time it would be world war 3. There'll be no blank page, because there will be no page at all. I'd rather have the stagnation of retromania, thank you very much.

An omnibus edition of Fisk's 1973 novel "Grinny", and its 1984 sequel "You Remember Me".

The first book tells of a sinister old woman, nicknamed "Grinny", who poses as a relative and embeds herself with an English family. She turns out to be an alien cyborg laying the groundwork for a hostile takeover of the human race. She is able to control the minds of adults, but it is up to the children of the household to thwart her.

The book is short, even by the standards of children's fiction, and I think Fisk skimps on the logistical requirements of science fiction. There's almost no attempt at a scientific explanation for the children's ability to fight off this advanced alien invader. Young readers deserve better than this, no less than us adults. I don't think I'm being old and cynical. I am a lifelong consumer of children's fiction - I simply never grew out of it - and I think my standards of judgement are fair.

The strengths of this little novel lie elsewhere. The creation of an evil entity in the form of a senior citizen reminds me of the generational changes of the times, following the 1968 student uprisings as young people sought to break the stranglehold of previous generations who had made such an appalling mess of the 20th century up to that point. The nice kindly old lady is no longer credible - the older generation is a MENACE!

The portrayal of family life is vivid, as the more relaxed mores of the late 60s and early 70s are disturbed by the leering old Grinny. Fisk also experiments with narrative technique, with most of the book in diary format, and he even introduces himself as a character.

The sequel is a surprising evolution. An upgraded mind-controlling alien returns, this time in the form of a right-wing populist demagogue. Even older teens are susceptible to her hypnosis, as the entire nation joins a mass movement which might well have the slogan "Make America Great Again" if the story were set in the USA. The echoes of our real-life political malaise of the past decades are all too strong, with zealous zombie-like hordes waving union jack flags and slavering over concepts like "discipline" and "rule of law". Margaret Thatcher is referenced, not by name, but with her memorable quote "the lady's not for turning".

Once again Fisk writes himself into the story and, marvelously, portrays himself as a fully vanquished devotee of the neo-fascist alien overlord - until the resourceful child heroine wins the day and frees his mind.

As in the previous novel, the weapons wielded by our planet-saving pre-teen protagonists strain the suspension of disbelief. I am reminded of "The Andromeda Strain" and the dreadful movie of "The Day of the Triffids", both of which included the discovery that seawater was the secret weapon to fight off the otherwise all-powerful monsters. Puh-lease. But it matters less here, because "You Remember Me" is a early warning of the lingering threat of tyranny in human affairs, and another smash hit from the esteemed author Mr Fisk.

It would take a greater scholar than me to accurately assess the influence this novel has had on later works of fantasy. The tale is set partly in our own world and partly in a magical realm, with denizens of each territory crossing the border as they follow their passions, obsessions, quests and whims . It immediately reminds me of several other stories in that mode: "Narnia", "His Dark Materials", "Jonathan Strange and Mr Norrell" all spring to my mind.

Dunsany's 1924 novel is somewhat harder to digest than any of those subsequent works. His mythic language won me over at times, but mostly I found his long flowery sentences contained a lot of superfluous words. It takes a long time for anything to happen. Occasionally I felt the echoes of biblical language, something you might expect from the more explicitly Christian Tolkien or CS Lewis, But those more famous chaps come down to earth as it were, or perhaps I should say they linguistically leave Elfland behind and speak in the ways more familiar in the fields we know. They're more preachy, but more fun than Dunsany.

My recent fantasy reading has had me pondering the Arthurian tradition, where the God-given divine right of kings and the fundamental Christian purity of the ruling class co-exist with what appear to be pagan tropes like Merlin and the Lady of the Lake. Dunsany refers to the non-magical world as "Christom" at times, but his human characters don't seem to be churchgoers. Their local holy man is a sort of earthly wizard himself, who utters spells and curses rather than prayers. The story describes a conflict between the magical realm and the fields we know, but I didn't get the sense that this was a battle between good and evil. I found myself cheering for Elfland, but I suspect that's my own prejudice rather than the author's intended meaning.

In the end this book didn't trigger my atheist sensibilities as much as it did my adherence to other tenets: republican, socialist, egalitarian. When one of the main characters becomes obsessed with hunting, he starts with deer and then turns to unicorns, sending his hounds to rip out the throats of his prey, cutting their heads off and mounting them on his castle wall. The vileness of this incident goes unremarked, and indeed "Lord" (FFS) Dunsany was himself partial to a bit of hunting, he was a lordly torturer of animals and a privileged piece of shit by the sound of things. His real name (Ed Plunkett) seems more apt.

A truly alien lifeform arrives on earth, in the form of tiny, beautiful crystals which have the ability to form together into elaborate structures. The "Trillions" as they come to be known, also have a sort of hive mind. They are intelligent. Children love them, but adults are fearful of them and set about destroying them with nuclear weapons. The general who leads this operation is an almost pantomime villain, a one-dimensional caricature of a military man of action.

That was the plot I latched onto reading this book when I was nine. (More than 50 years ago, how did that happen?!). There were also the child characters: a couple of boy geniuses, Scott and Bem, each one an uber geek in a different way. The nerdy nine-year old me I liked them both. There are other younger children making up a kind of Famous Five gang whose destiny is to save the world.

Reading it again now I'm surprised at how much else is in there. Firstly, there is the ex-astronaut with a massive dose of PTSD and facial scarring from burns sustained in a mission gone wrong. He ends up being a sort of honorary member of the juvenile gang of interplanetary interlocutors. Icarus, as he is known, also delves into an incongruous series of debates and discussions with Scott. They explore subjects like the deficiencies of a dualistic model of good and evil, and contemplate a sort of Gaia hypothesis. Yikes! What happened to the pantomime general, so simple and obvious? Suddenly this book has become deep and cosmic in an almost psychedelic way. And the flyleaf says "for readers ten and over"!

A lot of it went over my head as I defiantly ignored the age guide and read it a year early, but I also recall being kind of high on the experience of reading this book, the first one to have that sort of transcendent effect on my brain that only a good book can provide.

I wish I could say that the philosophical musings are more coherent to me as an adult reader. Scott and Icrarus have their eureka moment and work out what it all means, and it is great for the story, but even now I'm scratching my head at their conclusion. It somehow fails to translate into a broadly applicable meaning in the way that a novel by, say, Ursula le Guin would (e.g. Ged's defeat of the shadow in "A Wizard of Earthsea").

It's not too bad, the actions they take in "Trillions" make sense even if their supposed insights and motivations do not.

I think the cover illustration of the Puffin edition is superb. I still have my copy from the early 70s, with its recommended retail price of 65 Australian cents. What a treasure!

Re-reading this great little book for the first time since the 1970s, I was struck by the dark cold war themes and the sheer terror of living in the shadow of the bomb. The Puffin edition declares the book is for boys aged 10 and over, which seems simultaneously progressive and also a retrograde assignment of age and gender roles.

The story begins in a backwater English town, in descriptive passages which reminded me of the dreary austere scenes of London in the 1960s, still scarred by the blitz just over two decades before. News programs are filled with reports of nuclear brinkmanship, an incomprehensible war in Asia and last-ditch talks to stave off what looks like imminent global destruction.

The setting absolutely reeks of the time it was written - 1967 - but the novel is actually set in the future. There is an advanced moon base, and we soon discover that the elite of the British government and military have built an escape pod they can use in the event of a nuclear holocaust. It's a huge luxury flying saucer, which is stolen by a lone anti-war activist who lands in the village and kidnaps a group of children in a desperate attempt to protest against the looming apocalypse.

The children must work out how to survive this outer space ordeal. At the same time, there is a personal conflict between the two oldest boys in the group. One is black, an uber geek best equipped to get the spaceship home. The other one is a psychotic bully who craves power and attention, and is a vile racist along with it.

There's plenty here which is dated. There's also a scientific clanger, referring to the moon's atmosphere slowing down an approaching spacecraft. I took half a star off just for that, the other half because the bully gets off too lightly for my outraged nerd sensibilities. But "Space Hostages" is still a thoroughly modern novel and overall has aged very well. In the year of its publication, the SF youth rebellion classic "The Tripods" by John Christopher would materialise, and a year after that Ursula le Guin's tour de force "A Wizard of Earthsea". Before that, Madeleine L'Engle's 1962 breakthrough "A Wrinkle in Time" served as a bridge from the cultural desert that was the 1950s. Narnia was the standout children's series way back then, but in 1967 kids no longer looked wonderingly at their old wardrobes. You'd be vapourised before you even had a chance to scurry between the coats and escape to Narnia. Even inter-stellar theological witches weren't cutting it any more. It was time to confront the real world.

Jack Vance's "Dying Earth" series was somewhat inconsistent, bringing together short stories, novels and other bits and pieces into four books in his alluring far future setting. In the superb "Lyonesse" trilogy, Vance reverts to traditional fantasy tropes. The stories, setting and characters are from long ago, in the Arthurian tradition. In another departure from Vance's other famous work, the trilogy also hangs together compellingly. This time, Vance tightly weaves his epic with multiple strands from different kingdoms and story arcs and even alternative dimensions.

The Arthurian element is almost incidental, as Vance sets out to tell his own stories from a mythical land mentioned only briefly in that more famous tale of knights, wizards and kings. But the echoes ring out: Vance tells of a King Aillas rather than Arthur, a wizard Murgen instead of Merlin, and a quest for the Holy Grail which, if you squint, has a hint of Monty Python as well as T.H. White.

He begins his tale with the story of Suldrun, a Princess rebelling against her father's heartless plans to betroth her and thus further his ruthless quest for power. She secretly weds a rival of her father, the impossibly noble Aillas. The subsequent generations engage in epic contests involving wizards, fairies, magic and great violent battles until the saga reaches a most satisfying conclusion.

After summarising it so blandly I hasten to add that Vance's vivid creations, his moral and emotional set pieces, his marvelous language, and his humour are anything but bland. If King Aillas is almost too noble and pure, it's all right because it allows Vance's more interesting protagonists to shine. They are the female characters: the tragic Suldrun, the brilliantly insolent Madouc, and the detached, mysterious otherworldly villain Melancthe. His wizards are also a compellingly weird mob.

A section where one of his heroines journeys through a parallel dimension is like a fantasy setting from the central and hellish right hand panels of Hieronymous Bosch's "Garden of Earthly Delights". It reminded me of some of the journeys of Michael Moorcock's doomed heroes. Vance also gives a nod to his British contemporary, listing the cross of Saint Elric as one of the relics to be pursued along with the Holy Grail.

I don't read books like this with a view to making an objective assessment. Maybe other readers won't fall for Lyonesse like I did. Fantasy and science fiction are more real and more meaningful to me than dull old mainstream non-genre fiction. I'll never be swayed from that orientation, and the Lyonesse trilogy locks it in even more tightly.

Searching out classics of science fiction and fantasy is a hit-and-miss affair. Some of them haven't aged well, but 'The Dying Earth' is a hit.

Vance's fantasy world is temporally inverted. The standard mode for fantasy is the one Tolkien operates in, using mythology as the template for fictional events which purportedly happened in the distant past. The idea that these are tales from the infancy of humanity gives them a potency. They are like the seed of our culture and thoughts, the DNA of our morals and truths.

In "The Dying Earth", the mythological events take place in the far future instead of the distant past. Their potency come from the idea that this is what is to come. What we might be at the dying of our world sheds light on what we are now. It doesn't quite reach the heights of Gene Wolfe's "The Book of the New Sun" and Michael Moorcock's "The Dancers at the End of Time", but it's a nice addition to this sub-genre.

I began reading an omnibus edition of the four books in the series, but it proved to be a poor-quality uncorrected scanned file. Avoid that one. I later discovered "proper" e-books of the separate volumes, but I will persist here treating them as a single book.

The first book is a collection of short stories detailing the conflicts and quests of various wizards and heroes. The strongest threads linking them are the characters T'sain and T'sais, the result of a stumbling magical experiment to create the perfect human. T'sain has one major flaw - she is unable to perceive beauty or pleasure, and has a bitter hatred of all life and herself. Later, when T'sais is, erm, decanted, that imperfection is ironed out. But her rage-filled sister is the one who must use reason to fight against her bitter instinct.

Vance's philosophical propositions are sumptuously wrapped in marvelous fantastic inventions and alluringly revived archaic prose. His rediscovery of old words is a joy. You can easily get the meaning from the context, but for the lexicographically inclined, having a dictionary on hand could bring added pleasure.

Books two and three shift gears into picaresque mode. They deal with the villainous anti-hero Cugel as he feuds with the avaricious and powerful wizard Iocunnu. Cugel is selfish and vain, but the authorities, the mayors and the holy men he encounters are no better... they are institutionalised versions of Cugel's own sociopathic nature.

Cugel's philosophy, or lack thereof, is beautifully summarised when a scheming wizard offers him a gift, asking:

“Is this the conduct of a ‘sly and unpredictable villain’?” “Decidedly so, if the villain, for the purposes of his joke, thinks to simulate the altruist.” “Then how will you know villain from altruist?” Cugel shrugged. “It is not an important distinction.”

Later Cugel baldly summarises another of his anti-philosophies: "duplicity is valuable for its own sake." Chaotic neutral seems to the the preferred alignment for Vance's characters.

The third book is like a remix of the second. It follows a broadly similar plot as Cugel is banished by Ioconnu and must traverse the perilous lands of the dying earth to find his home and seek revenge. But the diversity and delectable weirdness of the two books is actually emphasised by the recycled plot.

I am normally repelled by cynical amoral curmudgeonly attitudes, but I was won over by Vance for a few reasons: firstly, his writing is (to use the formal term) fucking hilarious. Another review I read said it is whimsical in the manner of Lewis Carroll. Secondly, I think his amoral characters and their doomed world contain an assumption of a moral compass in the mind of the reader. They are bad stories for good people. Maybe badass stories is a better description.

The final volume tells tales from the perspective of the wizards rather than their adversary. The strong start for female characters is in contrast with the men's golf club atmosphere that pervades these yarns. But they have a delectable science fantasy vibe, with wizardly space travel to the edge of the universe, and a new collection of anti-heroes to cheer or to fear, or both at the same time.

I am flinching a bit, half expecting to learn that Vance was some sort of Reagan-esque right-wing culture warrior. It would be a shame, but one would hope the books would rise above such an unsavoury past. So far all the closets have been skeleton-free. Actually I think the Vance I detect from these stories would be above that.

I found the first part of this book to be gripping. It is set on a planet where the majority of people live under the yoke of a small privileged class. It is a totalitarian society where mass production is banned. This includes printing. Everything has to be bespoke. In return, obedient hardworking citizens qualify for a sort of basic income. But they live under strict supervision of the bureaucracy and the church.

The central characters are a father and son who find themselves unable to tolerate this tyranny. They face perils and revelations as their rebellion intensifies. Vance creates compelling characters and the story unfolds through their passions and personalities. His language is rich, you will learn a lot of new words if you stop to look them up... if you don't then the context will define them enough to keep the story rolling.

Perhaps it was just my mood as I read the last section of the book, but towards the end it seemed to be a bit rushed, it was a lot of exposition without the same page-turning pace and character-driven plot. Other readers might be more attuned to the way Vance is unpacking a mythology of the future. Perhaps I should have paid more attention to the otherworldly Punch and Judy show and its puppet master at the start of the book.

Nonetheless I greatly enjoyed this novel. Vance is one of those legends of the genre who haven't quite found mainstream fame, and somehow I'd missed out on reading any of his books. I like playing catchup, even I'm more than 50 years late. As usual, these old books invariably reflect the prejudices and privileges of the time they were written. Vance does a really terrible job with female characters. I have also been re-reading Cordwainer Smith, active in a similar period. He's flawed too, but he proves that it was possible for a male writer to create prominent female characters with vibrancy, power and agency, so the likes of Vance should not be excused.

This is the sort of book I loved to devour when I was nine or ten years old. Authors like John Christopher and Nicholas Fisk had a big influence on me and I still enjoy catching up with their work today.

This one is set in a post-apocalypse future where a privileged minority live in high-tech cities. The underclass (called "savages" by the gentry) are banished to the wildlands beyond the city walls, except for a few who are kept as a servant class, effectively slaves.

The protagonist falls foul of the vicious politics of the city leaders and gradually learns how brutal the system is. He finds that life among the rebellious "savages" is better than the comfortable tyranny within the city walls. It's like an inversion of Christopher's earlier novel "The Guardians", where a working class city kid learns about the elite gentry of the English countryside. Both novels, but "Wild Jack" especially, have a whiff of HG Wells' "The Time Machine", with its Eloi gentry and Morlock underclass. Christopher is following the pattern of his "Tripods" trilogy, which is an acknowledged riff on "The War of the Worlds".

As far as I'm concerned the British class system is a travesty, including the ultimate upper class degenerates, the monarchy. Books like this help erase the base propaganda of arse-licking royalist scum, and they are still relevant today. It just occurred to me that I read "Wild Jack" around the 50th anniversary of its first appearance.

Cordwainer Smith's slim body of work has been packaged and repackaged in many different ways. The first collection I read titled "The Rediscovery of Man" was a paperback, and the first story in it was "Scanners Live in Vain". The SF Masterworks edition seems to be the same as that collection.

A later edition is subtitled "The Complete Short Science Fiction of Cordwainer Smith", and it is this more substantial book which I am reviewing here. It's worth seeking out. There could be some confusion about which one you have, possibly exacerbated by the "incomplete" SF Masterworks cover being used for the "complete" edition in some online entries. You can quickly tell if you have the longer one because the first story in it is "No No, Not Rogov", one of four stories detailing the early stages of Smith's so-called future history of the "Instrumentality of Mankind". It also has some marvelous illustrations from the original magazine publication of his stories.

Once you have the "complete" edition, you only need to get his one published novel "Norstrilia" and you are a Cordwainer Smith completist.

I've just read a short essay by Ursula le Guin, praising, critiquing and analysing Cordwainer Smith's work. She writes: ‘Cordwainer Smith’s stories were an amazement to me when I first read them. Forty years later, they still are…exuberant language, brilliant invention and hallucinatory imagery’.

As usual, le Guin gets it right, but sometimes I love Cordwainer Smith, at other times I find him slightly disturbing. A few of these stories drag, many of them are scintillating page-turners. At their core, they are myths, fantasy, or fairy tales, transposed to varying degrees into a science fiction setting. Occasionally I was put off by his Christian evangelising. It seemed to get worse as Smith became more devout later in his career. Earlier stories had a more nuanced approach to religion. He sexualises his child characters on a couple of occasions, and I couldn't immediately discern any excuse for it, but these were isolated incidents. On the plus side, he has more women characters than probably 10 of his contemporaries combined.

The idea of a closet science fiction nerd leading a double life working for the State Department and Johns Hopkins University adds to the fascination of Cordwainer Smith, whose real name was Paul Linebarger. He'd be a great subject for a biopic. One of his best creations, the underpeople, can be seen as a version of the wild and beautiful parade of minorities fighting for their rights before and after these stories were written. Smith even creates a sort of acid freak musical rebel in the form of Sun-boy, although you get the feeling he's more Charles Manson than Jimi Hendrix. I wanted him to be the latter. Smith mostly writes with nuance. It's hard to say who is a villain and who is a hero most of the time, and the descriptions of the bongo-slapping nuclear-enhanced hipster of the underworld are super cool, even if they were written by a military man who was in another galaxy compared to the beatniks and hippies rising up all around him.

For all his background in warfare and governance; for all his drift into traditional religion - Cordwainer Smith always seems to be seeking for a better way humanity can quest after. Ultimately love and hope are at the heart of his stories. In real life he was part of the establishment, but in his fictional universe he is a rebel, even a revolutionary at the same time.